VOCABULARY
*Punnett Square: it is a grid used to show the gamates of each parent and their possible offsprings.
* Homozygous: having identical genes for any pair of hereditary material.
*Heterozygous: having different pairs of genes of any hereditary material.
*Phenotype: it is the physical characteristic of an organism e.g eye color.
*Genotype: the genetic material that makes up an organism.
*DNA Replication: it is when DNA copies itself.
*DNA & RNA Polymerase: it is an enzyme that catalyes the formetion of the DNA and RNA molecule.
*mRNA: which is messenger RNA, molecules that carry copies of DNA instructions to other parts of the cell.
*rRNA: which is ribosomal RNA, they are found in thr ribosome.
*tRNA: which is transfer RNA, they transfer amino acids to the ribosome as specified by mRNA.
*Helicase: it is an enzyme that seperates DNA strands.
*Translation: it is a process where genetic information is coded in the mRNA which directs the formation of a specific prtein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm.
*Promoters: are nucleotide sequences on a DNA molecule which initiates the transcriptioin of a specific gene.
*Codon: 3-nuclotide sequence that encode an amino acid or a signifies a start or stop signal.
*Anticodon: a sequence of 3 baes of tRNA that pairs with the complementary 3-nucleotide codon of mRNA durig proteins synthesis.
*Transcription: it is the process of making an RNA copy of a single gene which occurs inthe nucleus.
*Protein synthesis: it is the formation of proteins by using information in DNA and carried by mRNA.
*Purine: a nitrogen base with 2 rings.
*Pyrimidine: a nitrogen base with only 1 ring.
*Genes: sequence of DNA that codes for a protein.
*Alleles: different forms of genes.
*Gametes: formation of the sex cells.
*Dominant Alleles: an allele that produces the same phenotype whether its paired allele is identical or different.
*Recessive Alleles: an allele that produces its characteristic phenotype only when its paired allele is identical.
*Mutation: are changes in genetic material.
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